Cognitive aspects of social competence in the current New South Wales Kindergarten to Grade Six Syllabuses.

Abstract

Occupational therapists are commonly referred children who find reduced social competence a barrier to participation in school activities. Little is known about the social skills expected of children at school and the thinking strategies children use during social interactions. This study aimed to investigate the social skills expected of children during school-based learning activities in the current NSW K-6 Syllabuses and the types of cognitive strategies expected during social interactions. A qualitative text-based approach was adopted to explore the range of social skills expected of children at school. A content analysis of text-based data was used to identify specific social skills represented in the current NSW K-6 Syllabuses and the types of cognitive strategies required. Cognitive strategy use items from the PRPP System of Task Analysis were used to identify expected ways of thinking that related to social competence outcomes as stated in the Syllabus. Findings revealed a high number of social skills represented in expected learning outcomes for all six subjects included in the analysis. Four categories representing expected social behaviours across the syllabuses were identified: intrapersonal skills: communication by language; interpersonal skills and responding to others. Each desired social competence phrase embedded within syllabus objectives aligned with at least one item from the PRPP System of Task Analysis. The highest representation of expected strategy use was items from Recall (memory) and Planning (problem solving and evaluating) Quadrants. Investigation into the types of cognitive strategies embedded within Syllabus objectives which relate to social competence can assist therapists more accurately target social skills and associated cognitive strategies required for occupational performance at school. Findings from the study support the use of the PRPP System of Task Analysis for identifying and addressing cognitive strategy use during occupational therapy assessment and intervention.