Cognition sociale dans les troubles neuro-génétiques de l’enfant : revue de la littérature

Abstract

Social cognitive impairments may largely contribute to reduced social skills and adaptive problems in individuals with microdeletion syndromes associated with behavioral and psychiatric phenotypes. Understanding the role of social information processing deficits in the emergence of psychotic disorders is a crucial challenge in the management of these patients. Each neurogenetic disorder is characterized by a specific social cognition phenotype. Clarifying the social ability profile of each population may help adjust patient care according to their key strengths and weaknesses. The main objective of this article is to review the social cognitive skills of various neurogenetic disorders and shed light on the specific mechanisms that may underlie these skills in each syndrome. After detailing the different processes unified under the generic term "social cognition", we present these processes in the most frequent microdeletion syndromes presenting with social interaction deficits: 22q11.2deletion syndrome, Angelman syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Rett syndrome, Smith-Magenis syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Williams syndrome. Finally, we highlight future approaches that may have a significant influence on the development of adapted therapeutic interventions, such as cognitive remediation therapies. The importance of connecting neurocognitive and social cognition remediations is also emphasized.