Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the geographic distribution of coffee quality in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and to study its interactions with chemical and environmental factors. Correlations between environmental factors, chemical compounds and sensory quality of participants of the Minas Coffee Quality Contest were made through Principal Component Analysis and Biplot Graphics. The results showed discriminations of high and low scores as a result of environmental variables, demonstrating a strong influence of temperature, rainfall, altitude and latitude on the quality of the coffees studied. In addition to the environmental characteristics, the chemical compounds trigonelline, caffeine, and especially the acid-5-cafeiolquinic were also relevant in discriminating the scores obtained through sensory analysis. This work is an initial indication of the factors that determine the quality of coffees produced in Minas Gerais.
Highlights
Brazilian coffee is mostly produced in the states of São Paulo, Espírito Santo, Bahia, Paraná, Rondônia and Minas Gerais, and coffee from each state has its own characteristics based on the environment and technological aspects of production
The aim of this work was to study the geographic distribution of the coffee in the Minas Coffee Quality Contest in 2007; of interest was the relationship between the sensory quality and the chemical compounds trigonelline, caffeine and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) and the environmental characteristics of the municipalities of the 60 samples that were finalists in this contest
The results prove that the beverage quality scores varied with the altitude, as a function of the latitude
Summary
Brazilian coffee is mostly produced in the states of São Paulo, Espírito Santo, Bahia, Paraná, Rondônia and Minas Gerais, and coffee from each state has its own characteristics based on the environment and technological aspects of production. Minas Gerais is located in the Southeast region of Brazil, between the parallels 14o 13’ 57’’ and 22o 55’ 47’’ latitude South and between the meridians 39o 51’ 24’’ and 51o 02’ 56’’ longitude West, completely within the intertropical zone. Its large territorial size and environmental variety makes it possible for the state of Minas Gerais to produce quality coffees with a great diversity of flavor and aroma. These differences are related to the particular characteristics of each municipality, mainly the climate variations, altitude and production systems. Minas Gerais coffee lands are divided into the following four main macro-environments: Sul de Minas (South/Southwest region of the state), Matas de Minas (Zona da Mata and Rio Doce regions), Cerrados de Minas (Triangulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaiba regions) and Chapadas de Minas (Vale do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri regions)
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