Abstract
<p>In this research, we combine data analyses with hotspots method to identify the spatio-temporal trend of São Paulo’s coffee cultivation area. Our hypothesis is that coffee cultivation area has been changing significantly in the study area since 1990. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to map the spatial pattern of coffee land use change. For coffee land use diagnostics, official data of cultivated area, hotspot analyses and growth rate were used. The results demonstrated that coffee cultivation area decreased and concentrated in smaller areas, which are traditionally recognized as “coffee quality regions”. The producer size analyses evidenced that, not only the localization, but also the producer profile changes as well. Smallholders increased but medium and large producers decreased significantly in the studied period. The coffee abandonment analyses demonstrated that, over the study period, 51.46% of the coffee area cultivated in the study region was abandoned. </p>
Highlights
According to Smith (1985), coffee cultivation has begun in AD575 and the first documentation about this crop as we know it is by Razes, from the 10th century
The results found here suggested that the magnitude of coffee land use changes between 1990 and 2013 in São Paulo state was serious when the attention is focused on abandonment area, because around 50% of the total coffee area was abandoned
The performed analyses confirmed the hypothesis that the profile of coffee cultivation in São Paulo state has been changing since 1990
Summary
According to Smith (1985), coffee cultivation has begun in AD575 and the first documentation about this crop as we know it is by Razes, from the 10th century. Since and over the centuries, coffee cultivation has become popular, turning into one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Brazil has dominated the position of largest coffee producers for over 150 years (ICO, 2018). São Paulo is a traditional coffee producer. This position has been lost over time, according to official data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Land use and land use changes (LULCC) are a result of complex interactions that involve social, ecological, political, industrial and economic drivers (KLEEMANN et al, 2017)
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