Abstract
ObjectivesThis updated meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between coffee consumption and breast cancer risk.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search updated July 2012 to identify observational studies providing quantitative estimates for breast cancer risk in relation to coffee consumption. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model, and generalized least square trend estimation was used to assess dose–response relationships.ResultsA total of 26 studies (16 cohort and 10 case–control studies) on coffee intake with 49497 breast cancer cases were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled RR showed a borderline significant influence of highest coffee consumption (RR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.93–1.00), low-to moderate coffee consumption (RR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.95–1.04), or an increment of 2 cups/day of coffee consumption (RR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.97–1.00) on the risk of breast cancer. In stratified analysis, a significant inverse association was observed in ER-negative subgroup. However, no significant association was noted in the others.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that increased coffee intake is not associated with a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer, but we observe an inverse association in ER-negative subgroup analysis. More large studies are needed to determine subgroups to obtain more valuable data on coffee drinking and breast cancer risk.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the most common type of female malignancy all over the world
Another meta-analysis published in 2009 suggested that high coffee consumption was associated with a borderline reduction of breast cancer risk [8]
Data extraction The following information was extracted from each included study: first author’s last name, study design, country of origin, study period, number of cases and subjects, adjustment for potential confounders, the exposure to coffee consumption, relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for every category of coffee intake
Summary
Breast cancer is the most common type of female malignancy all over the world. Coffee, one of most known risk factors, may be crucial in the etiology of breast cancer [1]. A number of previous epidemiologic studies have estimated the association between coffee consumption and breast cancer risk. An earlier meta-analysis relating the consumption of coffee to cancer of various sites by Arab [7] reported a null association with breast cancer risk. Since the meta-analysis, several large prospective cohort studies have estimated the association between coffee consumption and breast cancer risk [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. To provide an updated results on this topic, we systematically conducted a meta-analysis by combining all available data of both case–control and cohort studies
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