Abstract
This study examined the relationship between the frequency of coffee consumption and blood pressure over a two year follow up of a cohort of elderly people. Healthy, older people (N = 205) were examined at baseline and at two years. Participants completed physical and behavioural assessments, which included body composition, current pharmacological treatment, and frequency of coffee consumption grouped into three categories: “never to a few times per month”, “once a week to a few times per week”, and “every day”. Blood pressure (systolic (sBP), diastolic (dBP), mean (mBP), and pulse pressure (PP)) was measured at baseline and after two years. After adjusting for body composition, smoking status, age, sex, heart rate, and number of antihypertensive agents taken, participants who drank coffee everyday had a significant increase in sBP, with a mean of 8.63 (1.27; 15.77) and an mBP, with a mean of 5.55 mmHg (0.52; 10.37) after two years (t = 2.37, p = 0.02 and t = 2.17, p = 0.03, respectively) compared to participants who never or very rarely (up to a few times per month) drank coffee. DBP and PP were not affected by coffee consumption frequency in a statistically significant manner.
Highlights
The aetiology of hypertension is unclear in most cases, but is associated with multiple risk factors [1]
Our study examined a cohort of older people in Poland, and found that drinking coffee every day was associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure (sBP), with of mean 8.63 mmHg, and mean blood pressure (mBP), with a mean of 5.85 mmHg, over two years as compared to the subgroup who never or very rarely drank coffee
The results showed that diastolic blood pressure (dBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were not statistically significantly affected by coffee consumption frequency
Summary
The aetiology of hypertension is unclear in most cases, but is associated with multiple risk factors [1]. Prevalence of hypertension is higher (two times more) in older compared to younger populations [2]. Aging, which is a time-associated decline in tissue functionality, increases the risk of developing metabolic syndromes. Aged-related changes, such as chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, a decrease in elastin, an increase in collagen and calcification of arteries, an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity, and an increase in aldosterone production and salt sensitivity, are potential factors that could increase the occurrence of hypertension [3]. Several studies showed that aging thickens the walls of large conduit arteries, thereby decreasing their elasticity. Isolated systolic hypertension might be a result of age-related cardiovascular alterations [2]
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