Abstract
Controversial results of the association between coffee consumption and bladder cancer (BC) risk were reported among epidemiological studies. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to clarify the association. Relevant studies were identified according to the inclusion criteria. Totally, 34 case-control studies and 6 cohort studies were included in our meta-analysis. The overall odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) between coffee consumption and BC risk was 1.33 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.48). The summary ORs of BC for an increase of 1 cup of coffee per day were 1.05 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.06) for case-control studies and 1.03 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.06) for cohort studies. The overall ORs for male coffee drinkers, female coffee drinkers and coffee drinkers of both gender were 1.31 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.59), 1.30 (95% CI: 0.87 to 1.96) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.20 to 1.51). Compared with smokers (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.70), non-smokers had a higher risk (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.35) for BC. Results of this meta-analysis suggested that there was an increased risk between coffee consumption and BC. Male coffee drinkers and non-smoking coffee drinkers were more likely to develop BC.
Highlights
Controversial results of the association between coffee consumption and bladder cancer (BC) risk were reported among epidemiological studies
Researches on coffee-induced BC mechanisms had reported that several compounds in coffee, including caffeine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and nitrosamines could increase the risk of BC5,6
In order to clarify the association between coffee consumption and the risk of BC and provide theoretical basis for the prevention of BC, we conducted a meta-analysis of all published case-control and cohort studies
Summary
Controversial results of the association between coffee consumption and bladder cancer (BC) risk were reported among epidemiological studies. We conducted this meta-analysis to clarify the association. Compared with smokers (OR 5 1.24, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.70), non-smokers had a higher risk (OR 5 1.72, 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.35) for BC Results of this meta-analysis suggested that there was an increased risk between coffee consumption and BC. In order to clarify the association between coffee consumption and the risk of BC and provide theoretical basis for the prevention of BC, we conducted a meta-analysis of all published case-control and cohort studies
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