Abstract
Simple SummaryCoffee berry borer (CBB) is the most serious insect pest of coffee worldwide, causing more than US$500M in damages annually. Reduction in the yield and quality of coffee results from the adult female CBB boring into the coffee fruit and building galleries for reproduction, followed by larval feeding on the bean itself. This review examines the invasion biology of CBB in various coffee-growing regions throughout the world, comparing and contrasting patterns in historically invaded countries with those that were more recently invaded. The situation in Hawaii is highlighted as a case study for the development and implementation of a successful integrated pest management (IPM) program following 10 years of research and outreach.Coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), CBB) has invaded nearly every coffee-producing country in the world, and it is commonly recognized as the most damaging insect pest of coffee. While research has been conducted on this pest in individual coffee-growing regions, new insights may be gained by comparing and contrasting patterns of invasion and response across its global distribution. In this review, we explore the existing literature and focus on common themes in the invasion biology of CBB by examining (1) how it was introduced into each particular region and the response to its invasion, (2) flight activity and infestation patterns, (3) economic impacts, and (4) management strategies. We highlight research conducted over the last ten years in Hawaii as a case study for the development and implementation of an effective integrated pest management (IPM) program for CBB, and also discuss biosecurity issues contributing to incursion and establishment. Potential areas for future research in each of the five major components of CBB IPM (monitoring and sampling, cultural, biological, chemical, and physical controls) are also presented. Finally, we emphasize that outreach efforts are crucial to the successful implementation of CBB IPM programs. Future research programs should strive to include coffee growers as much as possible to ensure that management options are feasible and cost-effective.
Highlights
Saragih [59] found that arabica production and quality could be increased in Indonesia via land use optimization, the use of family labor, and the application of good agricultural practices (GAPs), such as the planting of shade trees, pruning, using organic fertilizer at recommended rates, land conservation, and control of coffee berry borer (CBB)
Once introduced to a given region, the spread of CBB was generally rapid and very difficult to contain, with all commercially grown species and varieties of coffee being affected across a wide range of elevations
The historical reliance on chemical controls that negatively impact human and environmental health and can lead to insect resistance have greatly impeded the adoption of more sustainable management strategies
Summary
Were recently invaded are highlighted in large red from left to coffee host genus unlike crop. This is offset by the role that female coffee berry borer (CBB) (arrow) in the central disc of the developing green coffee berries; right; Hawaii (2010), Puerto. Scholar (GS) on the major crop pests Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm), Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly), and Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) resulted in D = 3726, GS = 9830; D = 4311, GS. Island regions that were recently invaded are highlighted in red from left to right; our Dimensions literature revealed the majority of publications focusing. We focus on Hawaii as a case study for the development and implementation of an pest management program for CBB following 10 years of research and outreach to growers. The genus and Hypothenemus is one of the largest genera within the Scolytidae family (“bark beetles”)
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