Abstract
BackgroundThe present study was undertaken to relate the co-expression of prostate-associated antigens, PSMA and PSA, with the degree of vascularization in normal and pathologic (hyperplasia and cancer) prostate tissues to elucidate their possible role in tumor progression.MethodsThe study was carried out in 6 normal, 44 benign prostatic hyperplastic and 39 cancerous human prostates. Immunohistochemical analysis were performed using the monoclonal antibody CD34 to determine the angiogenic activity, and the monoclonal antibodies 3E6 and ER-PR8 to assess PSMA and PSA expression, respectively.ResultsIn our study we found that in normal prostate tissue, PSMA and PSA were equally expressed (3.7 ± 0.18 and 3.07 ± 0.11). A significant difference in their expression was see in hyperplastic and neoplastic prostates tissues (16.14 ± 0.17 and 30.72 ± 0.85, respectively) for PSMA and (34.39 ± 0.53 and 17.85 ± 1.21, respectively) for PSA. Study of prostate tumor profiles showed that the profile (PSA+, PSMA-) expression levels decreased between normal prostate, benign prostatic tissue and primary prostate cancer. In the other hand, the profile (PSA-, PSMA+) expression levels increased from normal to prostate tumor tissues. PSMA overexpression was associated with high intratumoral angiogenesis activity. By contrast, high PSA expression was associated with low angiogenesis activity.ConclusionThese data suggest that these markers are regulated differentially and the difference in their expression showed a correlation with malignant transformation. With regard to the duality PSMA-PSA, this implies the significance of their investigation together in normal and pathologic prostate tissues.
Highlights
The prostate gland is the site of two most pathological processes among elderly men, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC) [1]
We examined human histological specimens (NP, BPH and PC) by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the relationship between the co-expression of prostate- associated antigens (PSMA and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)) and the degree of vascularization
In normal prostates (NP) and BPH samples, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) was exclusively expressed in the cytoplasm of luminal epithelial cells, whereas we found it only expressed in the tumor cells of the PC specimens
Summary
The prostate gland is the site of two most pathological processes among elderly men, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC) [1]. Aberrant prostate growth arises as a consequence of changes in the balance between cell described, including the cytosolic variants PSMA’, PSMC, PSM-D [10] and PSMA-E These variants are thought to be the consequence of alternative splicing of the PSMA gene [11]. PSMA functions as folate hydrolase and neuropeptidase [15,16] with expression at low levels in benign prostatic epithelium and upregulated several fold in the majority of advanced prostatic malignancies [17]. In these tumors, PSMA immunoexpression has been shown to correlate with aggressiveness of the PC, with highest levels expressed in an androgen-deprived state and metastatic disease [18]. The present study was undertaken to relate the co-expression of prostate-associated antigens, PSMA and PSA, with the degree of vascularization in normal and pathologic (hyperplasia and cancer) prostate tissues to elucidate their possible role in tumor progression
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