Coexistent BK-virus-associated nephropathy and ureteric stenosis in a patient with acute cellular rejection after renal transplantation: A case report and review of literature

Abstract

BK-virus-associated nephropathy (BKVN) is one of the most common causes of viral nephropathy in renal-transplant recipients. The intensity of immunosuppression is the most important risk factor for BKVN. Combined BKVN and rejection can occur rarely, which is difficult to diagnose and manage. Ureteritis, leading to ureteric stenosis, can result in secondary to both rejection and BK-virus (BKV) infection. We herein report a case of BKVN coexistent with the features of acute cellular rejection in a patient with ureteric stenosis probably induced by BKV infection, which was managed successfully with step-wise modification of immunosuppression along with double–J stenting, leading to stabilization of graft function.