Co-existence of tetragonal and monoclinic phases and multiferroic properties for x ⩽ 0.30 in the (1 − x)Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3–(x)BiFeO3 system

Abstract

Compositions with x⩽0.30 in the system (1 − x)Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3–(x)BiFeO3 were synthesized by sol–gel method. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction data reveals tetragonal structure (P4mm) for x⩽0.05 and monoclinic (Cm) phase along with the existence of tetragonal phase for 0.10⩽x⩽0.25 and monoclinic phase for x=0.30. Transformation of E(2TO) and E+B1 vibrational modes in the range 210–250cm−1 (present for x⩽0.25) into A′+A″ modes at ∼236cm−1 for x=0.30, and occurrence of new vibrational modes A′ and A″ in Raman spectra for x⩾0.10 unambiguously support the presence of monoclinic phase. Occurrence of remnant polarisation and enhanced magnetization with concentration of BiFeO3 indicates superior multiferroic properties. Variation of magneto-capacitance with applied magnetic field is a strong evidence of magneto-electric multiferroic coupling in these materials.