Coexistence of Factor V Leiden and Factor II A20210 Mutations and Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism

Abstract

Patients carrying the FV Leiden or the FII A20210 mutation have a high risk of venous thromboembolism. Among 542 patients with a documented diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in one leg consecutively referred for a thrombophilic work-up, we have retrospectively assessed the rate of objectively documented previous recurrence in carriers of both FV Leiden and FII A20210 mutations. Eighty-two patients had experienced 115 episodes of recurrent venous thromboembolism. The rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism was 29.2% among subjects with and 14.5% in those without deficiencies of natural anticoagulant proteins (p = 0.055), and 24.6% among patients with and 14.0% in those without antiphospholipid antibodies (p = 0.036). The frequency of having a recurrent thromboembolism was 16.2%, 20.0%, and 36.4% among carriers of FV Leiden, FII A20210 mutation, or both gene defects, respectively, and 12.8% in subjects carrying neither mutation (p for trend = 0.004). When adjusted for age, sex, and thrombophilic risk factors, the rate was higher among patients with than in those without deficiencies of natural anticoagulant proteins (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.2-7.5), aPL 2.5 (95% CI: 1.3-4.9), or both FV Leiden and FII A20210 gene mutations (OR 4.8; 95% CI: 1.9-12.2). The rate of previous recurrent venous thromboembolism was significantly higher in subjects carrying both FV Leiden and FII 20210 mutations and was comparable to that observed in subjects with deficiencies of natural anticoagulant proteins or antiphospholipid antibodies.