Coexistence and competition of local- and long-range polar orders in a ferroelectric relaxor

Abstract

We have performed a series of neutron diffuse scattering measurements on a single crystal of the solid solution $\mathrm{Pb}({\mathrm{Zn}}_{1∕3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2∕3}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ doped with 8% $\mathrm{Pb}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, a relaxor compound with a Curie temperature ${T}_{C}\ensuremath{\sim}450\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, in an effort to study changes in local polar orders associated with the polar nanoregions (PNR) when the material enters the ferroelectric phase. The diffuse scattering intensity increases monotonically upon cooling in zero field, but the rate of increase varies dramatically around different Bragg peaks. These results can be explained by assuming that corresponding changes occur in the ratio of the optic and acoustic components of the atomic displacements within the PNR. Cooling in the presence of a modest electric field $\stackrel{P\vec}{E}$ oriented along the [111] direction alters the shape of diffuse scattering in reciprocal space, but does not eliminate the scattering as would be expected in the case of a classic ferroelectric material. This suggests that a field-induced redistribution of the PNR has taken place.