COEXISTANCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND THYROID DISORDERS: A VIEW ON DYSFUNCTION OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Asare Albert Adu ,Adedayo M Adeyemi ,O S Makharynska ,K Daniel

doi:10.26565/2313-6693-2018-35-02

Abstract

Thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus were studied in 196 patients, divided into 4 main groups (hyperthyroidism in patients with diabetes, hypothyroidism in patients with diabetes, euthyroidism in patients with diabetes and diabetes patients without any thyroid pathology). It was found that diabetes and thyroid disorders have been shown mutually influence on each other and proved associations between both conditions. Compensation of thyroid function due to adequate therapy leads to controlled hyperglycemia, positive arterial hypertension disease mode and better diabetes mellitus outcome. Diabetes and thyroid disorders have been shown to mutually influence each other and associations between both conditions have long been reported. Compensation of thyroid function due to adequate therapy leads to controlled hyperglycemia, less frequency of DM and better DM outcome2.Hyperthyroidism as hypothyroidism impairs glycemic control in diabetic subjects, but hypothyroidism patients alter carbohydrate metabolism with inability to gain stable com-pensation of DM compering with euthyroidism and DM without thyroid dysfunction.3.Despite increased levels of BP, both systolic and diastolic, in patients with hypothyroidism group, prevalence of AH 3rdstage and AH complications were significantly higher in hyperthyroidism which requires more strict control of blood pressure levels and AH treatment in this group of patients.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction are two the most common endocrine disorders diagnosed and found in different ages and subgroups of patients worldwide
It can be explained by the fact that in patients with Hypothyroidism T3 hormone deficiency leads to peripheral vasoconstriction with increased arterial stiffness, which is an important determinant of arteriosclerosis and changes in arterial wall elasticity [5]
Increasing of systolic and diastolic BP may stimulate changes inside of the arterial wall with further reducing of elasticity and increasing of the wall stiffness. In this group of patients (1) and in patients with combination of Hyperthyroidism and DM (2group) quantity of patients with 3rd stage of Arterial Hypertension by WHO classification with the highest prevalence of AH complications were higher than in uncompromised function of thyroid gland groups (3, 4)

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction are two the most common endocrine disorders diagnosed and found in different ages and subgroups of patients worldwide. Both of them influence clinical course of each other. Thyroid disorders can have a major impact on glucose control, and untreated thyroid disorders affect the management and clinical course of diabetes in patients.The frequency of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients is higher than in the general population: according to the American Diabetes Association’s 2016 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes autoimmune thyroid disease occurs in 17 to 30 percent of people with DM type 1. The pathophysiological basis of this association rests on a complex interaction of common signaling pathways and, in the case of type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease [1], as result of the impact of particular environmental factors on individuals with genetical susceptiblity, which leads to loss of self-tolerance and there by triggering disease or a linked genetic susceptibility for both thyroid disease and DM [3]

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