Abstract
In this study, the magnetic properties, coercivity mechanism, and magnetization reversal process were investigated for Ce-(Y)-Pr-Fe-B films. After the addition of Y and subsequent heating treatment, the formations of REO (RE ≡ Ce and Pr) and REFe2 (RE ≡ rare earths) phases are inhibited, and the microstructure of Ce-Y-Pr-Fe-B film is optimized. Meanwhile, the coercivity and the squareness of the hysteresis loop are significantly improved. The coercivity mechanism of Ce-Y-Pr-Fe-B film is determined to be a mixture of nucleation and pinning mechanisms, but dominated by the nucleation mechanism. The demagnetization results show that the nucleation of reversal magnetic domains leads to irreversible reversal. Our results are helpful to understand the coercivity mechanism and magnetization reversal of permanent magnetic films with multi-main phases.
Highlights
Rare earth (RE) permanent magnets, especially, Nd-Fe-B based ones [1], have been widely applied in energy and information fields [2] due to their excellent magnetic properties [3]
According to the position of the X-ray diffractometer (XRD) peak, it is clear that the RE elements (Ce/Y/Pr) are all involved in the formation of the 2:14:1 type main phase
By using the initial magnetization curve, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and first-order reversal curve (FORC) distribution, it is found that the coercivity mechanism in the S2 sample is a mixture mechanism, but dominated by a nucleation mechanism
Summary
Rare earth (RE) permanent magnets, especially, Nd-Fe-B based ones [1], have been widely applied in energy and information fields [2] due to their excellent magnetic properties [3]. The intrinsic magnetic properties (including saturation magnetization, anisotropy field at room temperature, and Curie temperature) of Pr2Fe14B compound are similar to those of Nd2Fe14B. When a large amount of Ce was used, CeFe2 phase appeared [12], which required a further heat treatment to adjust the microstructure of the magnet to improve magnetic properties [13]. The Y element is another high-abundance RE that can be used for multi-main-phase magnets. The addition of Y affects the distribution of elements [17] and can reduce the formation of CeFe2 phase, the microstructure of the magnet can be optimized after corresponding heat treatment [14]
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