Abstract
Aim:This study aimed to investigate the effects of coenzyme Q10 (COQ10) and diclofenac coadministration on the hepatorenal function in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).Materials and Methods:Birds (21 days old) were divided into six groups of eight birds each. The 1st group was the control, the 2nd group was treated orally with COQ10(30mg/kg b.wt), the 3rdand 4thgroups were treated intraperitoneally with diclofenac sodium at doses 1 and 2mg/kg b.wt, respectively, and the 5thand 6thgroups were treated with COQ10 (dose 30mg/kg b.wt, P.O.) and diclofenac sodium (dose 1mg/kg b.wt, I.P.) and COQ10 (dose 30mg/kg b.wt, P.O.) and diclofenac sodium (dose 2mg/kg b.wt, I.P.), respectively. The experiment lasted 5days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, all the birds were sacrificed through cervical dislocation; blood samples were collected for serum biochemical analysis.Results:COQ10 induced a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and chloride, while diclofenac induced a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and chloride. However, when COQ10 and diclofenac were coadministered, we observed that COQ10 decreased the liver injury caused by diclofenac. However, COQ10 could not relieve the kidney injury caused by diclofenac, but worsened the impaired renal function.Conclusion:COQ10 protects the liver against diclofenac-induced liver injury while augmenting diclofenac-induced kidney injury.
Highlights
Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used clinically in the field of veterinary medicine as a painkiller, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic [1]
coenzyme Q10 (COQ10) induced a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and chloride, while diclofenac induced a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and chloride
The results revealed a significant increase in serum ALT activity in samples from birds of the group treated with diclofenac (2 mg/kg) as compared to the control group, while there was no significant difference in the enzyme activity in samples from birds of the groups treated with COQ10 (30 mg/kg), diclofenac (1 mg/kg), diclofenac (1 mg/kg) + COQ10 (30 mg/kg), and diclofenac (2 mg/kg) + COQ10 (30 mg/kg) when compared with the control group
Summary
Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used clinically in the field of veterinary medicine as a painkiller, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic [1]. NSAIDs inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, which leads to reduction in prostaglandin synthesis [2]. The diminution of physiologically vital prostaglandins during chronic COX inhibition has momentous life-threatening side effects, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and renal toxicity [3]. Diclofenac has a toxic effect on the liver tissue (hepatotoxicity)[4]. Diclofenac has caused a large and rapid decline in the Indian subcontinent’s number of wild Gyps vultures [6], resulting from eating dead cattle treated with diclofenac. These wild birds are at risk of extinction [7]. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated
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