Coelioscopic-Assisted Sterilization of Female Mojave Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)

Abstract

Reproductive disorders in female tortoises are common and well documented and often require surgical access to the coelomic cavity to diagnose and correct. Coelioscopic-assisted bilateral ovariectomy (8/8, 100%) and hemiovariosalpingectomy (1/8, 12.5%) were performed in eight, presumed-healthy Mojave Desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) maintained at the Desert Tortoise Conservation Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. Bilateral ovariectomy was successfully conducted in all animals through a unilateral (3/8, 37.5%) or bilateral (5/8, 62.5%) prefemoral approach. Hemisalpingectomy was also performed in one tortoise (1/8, 12.5%). Significant abnormalities were observed during coelioscopy in 6/8 (75%) tortoises including ectopic and free-floating follicles, yolk coelomitis, liver disease, and oviduct and ovarian adhesions. Although non-endoscopic bilateral ovariectomy and ovariosalpingectomy have been described, they are not able to clearly visualize internal structures or pathology. Results of the eight surgeries described in this study suggest that coelioscopic-assisted ovariectomy and ovariosalpingectomy are practical and safe methods for sterilization of Mojave Desert tortoises. The magnification and optimal visualization provided by coelioscopy were considered critical for success.