Coda duration magnitudes in central California: An empirical approach

Abstract

AbstractA new empirical coda magnitude MD is presented for the central California seismic network (CALNET), in which station corrections are introduced to reduce the influence of hypocenter and station distributions. The new magnitude scale is obtained by relating the lapse-time τ^ to local magnitudes ML using data from 55 earthquakes with 1.1 ≦ ML ≤ 5.6 from June 1977 through 1981. Magnitude estimates are significantly improved by introducing corrections for the seismograph instrument attenuation setting αij and a site correction δj. The magnitude of the ith event 〈MD〉, is the median value of individualM D i j = − 1.03 + 2.10 log ⁡ 10 τ ^ i j + 0.00268 ⁡ τ ^ i j + α i j + δ j ,where τ^ij is the lapse-time measured at the jth station. Local site effects influence the duration of the coda and cause stations to either overestimate or underestimate 〈MD〉, typically up to 0.5 magnitude units. The distribution of the site corrections is spatially correlated, changing coherently across major tectonic and geologic features such as the San Andreas fault. It appears that the site corrections are influenced by the physical attenuation properties near the station, seemingly contradicting the concept that the coda is related to back-scattering and attenuation in a volume with dimensions on the order of the hypocenter to receiver distance.