Abstract
The chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation, as well as the acute toxicity and UMU genotoxicity of pulp and paper mill wastewater (PPMWW) were investigated to determine the COD compositions of PPMWW and to find the relationship between COD fractionation and toxicity. The fraction comprising non-biodegradable (inert) organic matter (XI) was the main component in influent PPMWW, accounting for about 80% of the total COD. The acute toxicity of the influent was 0.08–0.16 mg Hg2+ L−1 and the UMU genotoxicity was 0.6–0.8 μg 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide L−1. Both acute toxicity and genotoxicity were reduced in the biotreatment system. However, coagulation and Fenton oxidation were efficient in eliminating UMU genotoxicity. Total COD, acute toxicity, and genotoxicity showed significant correlation with each other (p < 0.01).
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