Abstract
By comparing the genomes of coconut (Cocos nucifera) and African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), pineapple (Ananas comosus), asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), and duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), we reconstructed the ancestral karyotypes of ten ancient monocot chromosomes and the evolutionary trajectories of 16 modern coconut chromosomes. Our inference is different from previous reports of five or seven ancestral monocot chromosomes. The divergence of C. nucifera and E. guineensis occurred ~17–19 million years ago (Mya), while the divergence time between C.
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