Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of cocoa shell as an alternative substrate for the production of endoglucanase and xylanase by Aspergillus orizae ATCC 10124 in solid-state fermentation. The fermentation assays were performed using cocoa shells humidified with distilled water. The parameters incubation temperature, water activity and fermentation time were optimized by using a Box-Behnken design. The maximum activities achieved for endoglucanases and xylanases were 0.846 and 0.945 U g-1 at 35°C, with a water activity equal to 0.9 and an incubation time of 96 hours.
Highlights
IntroductionSolid-state fermentation (SSF) uses agro-industrial residues as a source of nutrients for the growth of filamentous fungi and the secretion of enzymes (Soccol et al, 2017)
The solid-state fermentation performed by Aspergillus orizae ATCC 10124 using residue of cocoa shell and water as the culture medium resulted in the production of a crude enzymatic extract with significant activities of endoglucanases and xylanases
According to Gomi (2014), Aspergillus oryzae develops in a solid matrix with Aw greater than 0.8 under different temperature conditions
Summary
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) uses agro-industrial residues as a source of nutrients for the growth of filamentous fungi and the secretion of enzymes (Soccol et al, 2017). The application of these residues occurs due to its composition of lignin (10 to 30%), hemicellulose (15 to 35%) and cellulose (30 to 50%), the concentration of each of these elements being variable according to the type of residue (Santos et al, 2013). Our research group used cocoa shell in the production of lipases in the extraction of bioactive compounds and fatty acids (Lessa et al, 2018). Other researchers used cocoa shell for the production of activated carbon (Kalaivani et al, 2014), biogas production (Mancini, Papirio, Lens, & Esposito, 2016), and enrichment of animal feed (Amorim, Oliveira, Gutarra, Godoy, & Freire, 2017)
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