Abstract
EARLY in the presentation of his fenestration procedure for otosclerosis, Lempert employed the mobilization theory of cochlear action to account for the impairments shown by the otosclerotic ear and for the gains in sensitivity resulting from his surgical treatment. Soon thereafter a number of experiments were carried out that illuminated the theory further and defined the principles upon which it rests. A clearer understanding of these principles comes from a consideration of the ear's evolution from early aquatic forms and of variations in the ways in which these principles operate. <h3>Lempert's Mobilization Theory</h3> The mobilization theory was referred to only briefly in Lempert's description in 1938 of the first practical surgical procedure of labyrinthine fenestration as a means for the restoration of hearing in the disease of otosclerosis.<sup>1</sup>Here he spoke of a "mobilization of the labyrinthine perilymph" and "the preservation of this surgically created mobility." Soon thereafter, in
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