Abstract
In this short paper the concept of co-catalysis in phase transfer catalyzed reactions is presented. It was shown that difficulties in the application of phase transfer catalysis for reactions of nonlipophilic inorganic anions such as hydroxide and fluoride anions can be efficiently eliminated when carried out in the presence of co-catalysts. On selected examples it was shown that numerous processes catalyzed by transition metals are substantially improved when carried out in the two-phase systems in the presence of phase transfer catalysts. Modus operandi of such co-catalytic systems varied depending on the kind of transition metal catalyzed process.
Highlights
On selected examples it was shown that numerous processes catalyzed by transition metals are substantially improved when carried out in the two-phase systems in the presence of phase transfer catalysts
The key factor deciding on feasibility of the catalytic process is the position of the ionexchange equilibrium 1a that governs the concentration of the reacting anions in the organic phase
A substantial limitation of the Phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) is that hydroxide and fluoride anions cannot be efficiently transferred into the organic phase when other, more lipophilic, anions are present in the system
Summary
On selected examples it was shown that numerous processes catalyzed by transition metals are substantially improved when carried out in the two-phase systems in the presence of phase transfer catalysts. The generation and reactions of carbanions and other organic anions are efficiently executed in two-phase system with concentrated aqueous NaOH as the source of base in the presence of TAA salts as PT catalysts.
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