Abstract
In this study, cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) and ionic liquid (IL) modified pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were designed and implemented to detect sequence-selective DNA hybridization related to the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). The surface characterization of CoPc-IL-PGEs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the electrochemical behavior of electrodes were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The voltammetric detection of hybridization was investigated by evaluating the guanine oxidation signal, measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The implementation of our biosensor to serum samples was also examined using fetal bovine serum (FBS). The detection limit was established as 0.19 µg/mL in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH 7.40) and 2.48 µg/mL in FBS medium. The selectivity of our assay regarding HBV DNA hybridization in FBS medium was tested in the presence of other DNA sequences. With this aim, the hybridization of DNA probe with non-complementary (NC) or mismatched DNA sequence (MM), or in the presence of mixture samples containing DNA target NC (1:1) or DNA target MM (1:1), was studied based on the changes in guanine signal.
Highlights
Accepted: 23 June 2021Biosensors are diagnostic tools that provide specific and quantitative determination of a target, e.g., nucleic acid sequences representing a genetic or epidemic disease, an anticancer drug, or an environmental pollutant [1]
DNA that was developed by using gold nanoparticles (GNP) and magnetic nanoparticles. This is the first time that Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc)-ionic liquid (IL)-pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) has been developed as a nucleic acid biosensor and its implementation to detect Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA hybridization voltammetrically under optimized conditions presented in the literature
The most homogenous surface was observed after CoPc-IL modification onto the surface of PGE
Summary
Biosensors are diagnostic tools that provide specific and quantitative determination of a target, e.g., nucleic acid sequences representing a genetic or epidemic disease, an anticancer drug, or an environmental pollutant [1]. Biosensors are classified according to the biological specificity conferring mechanism or the mode of physicochemical signal transduction. ILs have excellent physicochemical properties, including wide electrochemical windows, low vapor pressure, high ionic conductivity, good antifouling ability and biocompatibility, natural catalytic capability, and thermal and chemical stability [17,18]. The purpose of antiviral treatments of chronic hepatitis B is the continued suppression or loss of detectable HBV DNA in serum, which is monitored by nucleic acid hybridization and amplification methods [29]. Chen et al [34] developed gold nanoparticles (GNPs) deposited aluminum oxide (AAO) film modified electrode for impedimetric detection of HBV DNA. This is the first time that CoPc-IL-PGE has been developed as a nucleic acid biosensor and its implementation to detect HBV DNA hybridization voltammetrically under optimized conditions presented in the literature. The selectivity of our assay on nucleic acid hybridization was examined in the presence of NC or MM, or and in the presence of mixture samples (1:1) of DNA target NC, or DNA target MM, prepared in FBS medium
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