Cobalt-Induced Changes in the Spleen of Mice from Different Stages of Development

Abstract

Cobalt(II) accumulates in organs such as spleen, kidneys, heart, and liver. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cobalt ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (Co-EDTA) on spleen of developing mice. Pregnant BALB/c mice in late gestation were subjected to Co-EDTA treatment at daily doses of 75 or 125 mg/kg in drinking water, which continued until d 90 of the newborn pups. The newborn pups were sacrificed on d 18, 25, 30, 45, 60, and 90, which correspond to different stages of development. Spleens were excised, weighed, and processed for histological analysis. Spleen index (SI) was calculated as a ratio of spleen weight to body weight. Cobalt(II) bioaccumulation in spleen was determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Preliminary results showed that chronic treatment of mice with low- or high-dose Co-EDTA disturbed extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen. The number of megakaryocytes was reduced compared to controls. SI was also reduced in d 18 mice treated with low- or high-dose Co-EDTA. However, exposure to 75 mg/kg led to an increase of SI in all other experimental groups. FAAS analysis revealed significant cobalt(II) accumulation in spleen of treated mice. The Co(II) levels in spleens of d 18 mice were highest compared to other experimental groups, indicating that at this period mice are more sensitive to treatment. Exposure to cobalt-EDTA resulted in accumulation of Co(II) in spleen, altered SI, and hematopoiesis. Immature mice appear to be more sensitive to chronic treatment than adults.