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Abstract
Silicon (Si) is expected to be a high-energy anode for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the large volume change along with the severe capacity degradation during the cycling process is still a barrier for its practical application. Herein, we successfully construct flexible silicon/carbon nanofibers with a core–shell structure via a facile coaxial electrospinning technique. The resultant Si@C nanofibers (Si@C NFs) are composed of a hard carbon shell and the Si-embedded amorphous carbon core framework demonstrates an initial reversible capacity of 1162.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 with a retained capacity of 762.0 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. In addition, flexible LIBs assembled with Si@C NFs were hardly impacted under an extreme bending state, illustrating excellent electrochemical performance. The impressive performances are attributed to the high electric conductivity and structural stability of the porous carbon fibers with a hierarchical porous structure, indicating that the novel Si@C NFs fabricated using this electrospinning technique have great potential for advanced flexible energy storage.
Highlights
IntroductionLithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as one of the most promising energy storage systems, are being used in many applications, from portable electronic devices to electric vehicles and other power storage platforms [1,2,3]
The precursor core–shell Si/PMMA-PVP nanofibers were obtained via a coaxial electrospinning technique with 15 wt.% Si NPs added to an inner dispersion of 8 wt.%
The morphology of the prepared nanofibers was observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with an accelerating voltage of 200 kV and a resolution of 0.1–0.2 nm (HRTEM, Tecnai, FEI company, Hillsboro, OR, USA) and scanning electron microscopy with an accelerating voltage of 30 kV and a resolution of 1.0 nm
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as one of the most promising energy storage systems, are being used in many applications, from portable electronic devices to electric vehicles and other power storage platforms [1,2,3]. The novel and hierarchical structure of the obtained core–shell Si-C nanofibrils (Si@C NFs) combined a compact carbon shell and a porous carbon core embedded with Si NPs, making it possible to achieve a high specific capacity, superior cycling stability and good rate capability. As expected, this designed Si@C NF composite electrode exhibits a high capacity of 762.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles
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