Abstract
The introduction of new regulations for Means of Access (MA) has led to an increase in the number and complexity of access openings, an increase in the size of the access openings in the ship’s structure, and a stricter maintenance regime which presents new challenges throughout the life of modern vessels. Several of the major issues at the design stage of Permanent Means of Access (PMA); the construction of ships; the application of protective coatings during new building, together with coating maintenance during the service lifetime; problems related to cleaning holds after cargoes have been removed; action by the Butterworth crude oil washing action and the challenges of maintenance in ballast tanks, are discussed in this paper.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
