Abstract
The coast–ship bistatic high-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) not only has the anti-interference advantages of the coast-based bistatic HFSWR, but also has the advantages of maneuverability and an extended detection area of the shipborne HFSWR. In this paper, theoretical formulas were derived for the coast–ship bistatic radar, including the first-order sea clutter scattering cross-section and the Doppler frequency shift of moving targets. Then, simulation results of the first-order sea clutter spectrum under different operating conditions were given, and the range of broadening of the first-order sea clutter spectrum and its influence on target detection were investigated. The simulation results show the broadening ranges of the right sea clutter spectrum and left sea clutter spectrum were symmetric when the shipborne platform was anchored, whereas they were asymmetric when the shipborne platform was underway. This asymmetry is primarily a function of platform velocity and radar frequency. Based on experimental data of the coast–ship bistatic HFSWR conducted in 2019, the broadening range of the sea clutter and the target frequency shift were analyzed and compared with simulation results based on the same parameter configuration. The agreement of the measured results with the simulation results verifies the theoretical formulas.
Highlights
The high-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR), known as the HF surface over-the-horizon radar, operates in the 3–30 MHz frequency band at wavelengths between 100 m and 10 m, respectively
A system in which one of the transmitting or receiving stations is installed on the coast and the other is placed on a ship forms a coast–ship bistatic HFSWR system
Such systems can be classified either as a coast-transmit ship-receive (CTSR) bistatic HFSWR or as a ship-transmit coast-receive (STCR) bistatic HFSWR depending on whether the receiving station is placed on the ship or the coast, respectively
Summary
The high-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR), known as the HF surface over-the-horizon radar, operates in the 3–30 MHz frequency band at wavelengths between 100 m and 10 m, respectively. As can be seen from the above, the Doppler shift of both the first-order sea clutter spectrum and the moving target echo were affected by the radar frequency, bistatic angle, and velocity of the shipborne platform. It must be highlighted that the focus of this paper was on the application of bistatic radar target monitoring For this reason, the Doppler shift of the first-order sea clutter spectrum and the related influence on the blind area are expressed with base units of velocity magnitude (i.e., m) instead of Hz. In addition, as CTSR and STCR are equivalent bistatic configurations when similar antennas and array configurations are used, the simulation results and influence analysis of only the CTSR bistatic radar system are presented here. Simulation results for the STCR bistatic radar system could be obtained by replacing the velocity of the receiving station platform with that of the transmitting station platform
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