Abstract
Coastal areas are expected to be at a higher risk of flooding when climate change-induced sea-level rise (SLR) is combined with episodic rises in sea level. Flood susceptibility mapping (FSM), mostly based on statistical and machine learning methods, has been widely employed to mitigate flood risk; however, they neglect exposure and vulnerability assessment as the key components of flood risk. Flood risk assessment is often conducted by quantitative methods (e.g., probabilistic). Such assessment uses analytical and empirical techniques to construct the physical vulnerability curves of elements at risk, but the role of people’s capacity, depending on social vulnerability, remains limited. To address this gap, this study developed a semiquantitative method, based on the spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (SMCDA). The model combines two representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios: RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5, and factors triggering coastal flooding in Bandar Abbas, Iran. It also employs an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model to weight indicators of hazard, exposure, and social vulnerability components. Under the most extreme flooding scenario, 14.8% of flooded areas were identified as high and very high risk, mostly located in eastern, western, and partly in the middle of the City. The results of this study can be employed by decision-makers to apply appropriate risk reduction strategies in high-risk flooding zones.
Highlights
Coastal cities, as an intersection of land and sea, play a crucial role in the national and global economy, in developing countries
The consistency ratio of flood hazard pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) was identified in an acceptable range (0.02)
The flood extent and depth in Bandar Abbas City under flooding scenarios are shown in Figure 3 with five classifications ranging from very low to very high
Summary
As an intersection of land and sea, play a crucial role in the national and global economy, in developing countries. The population of major ports exposed to 100 year coastal floods is predicted to increase due to socioeconomic development in the coming decades [1,2,3]. According to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), by 2100, the coastal cities will experience both sea-level rise (ranging from 0.28 m to 0.98 m) and much more intense storm surges [4]. Such storm flooding occasionally causes significant physical damages, loss of life, and economic losses. Flood risk is defined as the product of hazard: the chance of flood occurrence; exposure: the subjected population and value of properties
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