Abstract
The land ward displacement of the shoreline caused by the forces of waves and currents is termed as Coastal Erosion. The Coastal areas have become more prone and vulnerable to natural and human made hazards which lead to Coastal Erosion. The Shoreline retreat is recognized as a burgeoning threat because of global climate change and other anthropogenic activities that alter the natural processes of sustaining beaches and coasts. Coastal Erosion mainly occurs when wind, waves and long shore currents move sand from shore and deposit it somewhere else. The sand can be moved to another beach, to the deeper ocean bottom, into an ocean trench or onto the landside of a dune. The removal of the sand from the sand sharing system results in permanent changes in beach shape and structure. The impact of the event is not seen immediately as in the case of Tsunami or Storm Surge but it is equally important when we consider loss of property. It generally takes months or years to note the impact of Erosion; therefore, this is generally classified as a “Long Term Coastal Hazard”. The present paper attempts to describe a Review on Coastal Erosion Process, Parameters’ affecting, and methodologies are adopted to identify the erosion and recommend a solution.
Highlights
Shoreline or coastline, the boundary between land and sea, keeps changing its shape and position continuously due to dynamic environmental conditions
It’s a hazard effecting the shoreline or coastline pertaining to several changes in the climate, atmospheric disturbances and constant changes in the water bodies
The wave-averaged total net sand transport rate as taking place in the oscillatory boundary layer is essentially described as the difference between the two gross amounts of sand transported during the positive “crest” half-cycle and during the negative “trough” half-cycle
Summary
The boundary between land and sea, keeps changing its shape and position continuously due to dynamic environmental conditions. The accelerated release into the atmosphere of Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses has resulted in a projected global warming of about 3 ̊C by the year 2030 (Davis & Fitzgerald 2010) [1] This increase would be enough to raise the global sea level by as much as 5 m in a few centuries (Davis & Fitzgerald 2010), which is a short time in terms of human occupation of the coast. Relief and development agencies depend on such information to facilitate development of effective measures to prevent, mitigate or manage disasters Both sustainable coastal management and engineering design require information about where the shoreline is, where it has been in the past, and where it is predicted to be in the future. Crowell & Leatherman 1998, formulate policies to regulate coastal developments (National Research Council 1990), and to assist with legal property boundary definition (Morton & Speed 1998) as well as coastal research and monitoring (Smith & Jackson 1992)
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