Abstract
The world’s coastlines provide essential development benefits to most communities for livelihood sustenance. The proximity of communities to coastlines elects the need to exploit the water resources through fishing and transportation. Given that coastlines are subjected to changes, this study intends to investigate coastal dynamics and implication for development of the fishing communities along the shoreline region of Toube. A descriptive research design was adopted with a sample size of 300 respondents which employed a random sampling technique. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources and was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the use of arithmetic mean and ArcGIS 10.2. The coastal dynamics between 1984 and 2017 were observed using shoreline GPS Way Point that was matched by Landsat images of 1984, 2000 and 2017. Findings showed that prolonged backwash process caused by sea level rise provoked coastal erosion and submergence of shoreline communities. The results revealed that between 1984 and 2017, the shoreline of Toube has been retreating at a rate of 9.56 m per year. The retreat rate equally varies along Toube coastlines revealing that Cap shoreline has retreated some 452.4 m between 1984 and 2017 while Itiekot-Chekiri and Small Toube retreated by 254.87 m and 239.61 m respectively between 1984 and 2017. These coastal fishing communities are vulnerable to coastal erosion, settlement submergence, destruction of fishing barns, displacement of people and disruption of coastal activities with huge socio-economic losses. The study opts for the stabilization of the shorelines through the use of sand bags, sea walls and the creation of buffer zone with mangrove trees in order to reduce the exposure of the fishing communities to the intensity of the coastal dynamics in Toube.
Highlights
Coastal inhabitants in the world are already suffering from consequences of extreme climate events as indicated in retreating shorelines, threatening sand dunes and coastal lagoons [1, 2]
The main aim of this study was to examine the effects of shoreline change on the fishing community of Toube
Despite the benefits derived from fishing, the entire island of Toube is under serious threat from coastal erosion and submergence of the land due to sea level rise which has severely affected the inhabitants of the fishing community of Toube despite the existence of adaptation strategies
Summary
Coastal inhabitants in the world are already suffering from consequences of extreme climate events as indicated in retreating shorelines, threatening sand dunes and coastal lagoons [1, 2]. Shoreline change is considered one of the most dynamic processes in coastal areas [3, 4]. With an increase in the degree of climate change, shorelines around the globe especially sandy coastlines are experiencing high coastal retreat or shoreline erosion with the rates expected to increase due to sea level rise [6,7,8]. Coastal erosion which was not a serious threat in the past is a major threat and a pre-occupying issue to researchers due largely to climate change.
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