Coastal Dune Vulnerability Assessment of Caota dunes, Taiwan

Abstract

A total of 52 variables, organized into six groups, were assessed and categorized into a locally adapted coastal dune vulnerability index. This study took into consideration socio-ecological aspects and incorporated local factors into the vulnerability index, along with adaptation strategies. This index has been tested in the Caota Sand Dunes, one of the largest sand dune systems in Taiwan, that has been developed into a geopark. The study area was divided into three zones according to access facilities, visitor pressure and degree of of exposure of the dunes, which are pre-defined within the boundaries of the geopark. Results revealed that main vulnerabilities in the dune landscape lead back to human disturbance, dune fragmentation and coastal erosion. Geomorphologically, the dune landscape displays high fragmentation and steep slopes due sand fences and the presence of landfill sites, while the absence of vegetation on frontal dunes is prevalent across many regions. Adaptation strategies could therefore focus on reducing the vulnerability by promoting natural dune formation and enhancing biodiversity of sand binding species. Adaptive management, involving community participation and regular monitoring, can balance conservation with recreation, ensuring resilience through strategic adjustments. The dataset established in this study could serve as an initial foundation for monitoring future variations in coastal dune systems using DVI parameters as indicators of environmental changes. Keywords: CDVI, coastal management, geopark, sand dunes, adaptive capacity.