Coastal community perceptions of eelgrass in Atlantic Canada: Considerations for management

Abstract

Societal awareness of the value of coastal ecosystems and the services they provide is necessary for public support of conservation and management decisions, yet public perception is seldom explored. We present findings from an online survey on coastal community perceptions of eelgrass (Zostera marina) and its management in Atlantic Canada and compare these findings with related scientific literature. Responses from 114 participants in an anonymous online survey indicate that people residing in coastal communities in Atlantic Canada are aware of the status of eelgrass meadows in their region, the services they provide, and threats to eelgrass meadows. Consistent with scientific literature, participants identified fish habitat (97%), coastal protection (93%), and water quality maintenance (89%) as the three most important eelgrass ecosystem services. Only 51% of participants selected climate change mitigation as a valuable eelgrass ecosystem service, consistent with its more recent appearance in scientific publications and the absence of Canadian policies on this service. Coastal development, climate change, and invasive species were identified as the most likely causes of change in eelgrass. More than 80% of participants indicated a need for increased restoration and protection, and 76% agreed that the public should be more involved in all aspects of eelgrass management. Although based on a non-random sample of the population, this study illustrates a relationship between scientific knowledge, public awareness, and existing Canadian policies. Participants’ knowledge of the societal benefits of eelgrass meadows and support for and interest in participating in the management process signals an opportunity to expand public engagement with eelgrass conservation efforts. This could begin by refining and introducing policies that protect the numerous ecosystem services eelgrass meadows provide.