Abstract
Agriculture is the main economic activity in Sundarban to sustain the basic livelihood of rural people. In recent decades, the nature of agriculture mainly cropping patterns, crop productivity, and agricultural land use is gradually changing because of various natural as well as anthropogenic factors. The frequent occurrence of climatic extremes over the Bay of Bengal has been directly or indirectly affected the agricultural system of the delta. In the wake of the 2009 cyclone Aila, the crop production in Gosaba rapidly declined due to high salinity and low pH in the soil. Most of the agricultural land remains a seasonal fallow due to the shortage of freshwater during the dry season. The direction of the surface slope has been altered by the unsystematic construction of embankment and haphazard construction of closure in river channels. The saucer-shaped appearance of the island causes massive drainage congestion induced waterlogging problem in the agricultural field. Waterlogging causes crop damage and low productivity. Farmers continue to face substantial monetary loss and entrapping in poverty. To overcome these issues, climate-resilient cropping strategy, proper maintenance of the drainage system, and adaptation of modern land reshaping techniques for diversified agriculture systems are urgently needed for the profound agro-based economic future of the delta.
Highlights
This study begins with a detailed review of Sundarban is a low lying flat alluvial land existing literature followed by the geographical dominated by monocropping
The land use map shows that 80% of the total agricultural land is under paddy cultivation
The cropping pattern in Sundarban has changed after cyclone Aila in 2009 due to high salinity concentration in surface soil
Summary
This study begins with a detailed review of Sundarban is a low lying flat alluvial land existing literature followed by the geographical dominated by monocropping. The history of description of the study area and methodology of agriculture in Sundarban dates back to the 16th the research. The British rulers started the turns on to discuss various types of cropping massive deforestation of mangrove forests pattern with special reference to rice-based during the 1870s for land reclamation. They have cropping system in this saline coastal zone. The average elevation elaborates about the significant challenges of of the Sundarban remains below the high tide coastal agriculture on this island. To prevent saline river water concludes with some fundamental suggestions to intrusion in the agricultural field is a significant tackle these challenges for sustainable coastal challenge in the early 19th century
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