Abstract
Appalachian coal mining provided the lifeblood of energy for a century of expanding industrial development in America. Now, coal production in Appalachia has declined to levels not seen since the late 1800s. Coal's legacy is stamped on Appalachia's mined landscapes and remains imprinted on Appalachia's coal-mining communities, and these impacts will influence land, water, and people into the 21st century, environmentally as well as economically and socially. We call on local, state and national leaders to recognize the challenges ahead for Appalachia's coal-producing communities and people; to promote economic development, education, and health in these areas; and to encourage greater chances for expansion of economic opportunities and quality of life for residents.
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