Coal mining waste in Poland in reference to circular economy principles

Abstract

The article deals with the problem of mining waste, which is the largest group of waste balance in Poland. Based on research, the current state of waste management in Polish coal mining has been identified. This is a challenge that is facing not only the domestic mining industry, but also international mining. As demonstrated using the example of international solutions, the essence of waste classification is gaining practical significance. A dynamically developing, more flexible and advanced technology enables the 3R principle (Reduction, Reuse, and Recycle) of Circular Economy theory to be applied in practice to the mining industry. Coal mining waste generated due to the absence of selective mining methods and coal beneficiation can be reused in co-firing processes for energy production after being treated. Further reuse of coal mining waste also has a positive effect on land reclamation and restoration, which in turn will minimize the size of mining dumps. Non-energy uses of coal may be found in the chemical industry, but some production methods may raise additional questions regarding excessive CO2 emissions. In a circular economy, it is important to identify all possible ways to reuse resources. As part of the research, the current state of coal mining waste was examined. Based on the described solutions for the use of mining waste, a sustainable, socio-environmental CE strategy for this group in the selected area of waste has been proposed together with the highest and best use analysis for dumps in complex legal, economic and technical conditions.