Abstract
AbstractAutomobile service stations discharge large quantities of wastewater the contains various organic and inorganic pollutants, causing severe impacts on human health. Hence, experimental work was conducted to treat carwash wastewater (CWW) using the coagulation-flocculation (C/F) process based on a naturally synthesized material, namely Cicer arietinum (CA). A standard jar test method supported by a central composite design (CCD) statistical approach was employed to investigate the effects of experimental factors on the removal efficiencies of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The optimal process factors were pH of 4, rapid stirring speed of 180 rpm, and coagulant dosage of 1 g/L, achieving turbidity and COD removal efficiencies of 87.3 and 71.3%, respectively. Quadratic regression models were established to predict the removal efficiencies of turbidity and COD with the coefficient of determination (R2 values) of 0.983 and 0.974, respectively. As supported by the response surface methodology (RSM), the predicted removal efficiencies were 89.7% for turbidity and 68.1% for COD. Based on the experimental data and literature investigation, the application of natural-based coagulants for the treatment of CWW could be eco-friendly and low-cost compared to several inorganic chemical coagulants. The outputs were connected to various social, economic and environmentally-related sustainable development goals (SDGs), suggesting high possibility of scaling up the C/F treatment for real CWW projects.KeywordsCarwash effluentCicer arietinum coagulantJar testResponse surface methodology (RSM)Sustainable development goals (SDGs)
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