Coagulating blood into adhesive gel by hybrid powder based on oppositely charged polysaccharide/tannic acid-modified mesoporous bioactive glass

Abstract

Hemostatic powder is widely utilized in emergency situations to control bleeding due to its ability to work well on wounds with irregular shapes, ease of application, and long-term stability. However, traditional powder often suffers from limited tissue adhesion and insufficient support for blood clot formation, leaving it susceptible to displacement by the flow of blood. This study introduces a hemostatic powder composed of tannic modified mesoporous bioactive glass (TMBG), cationic quaternized chitosan (QCS), and anionic hyaluronic acid modified with catechol group (HADA). The resulting TMBG/QCS/HADA based hemostatic powder (TMQH) rapidly absorbs plasma, concentrating blood coagulation factors. Simultaneously, the water-soluble QCS and HADA interact to form a 3D network structure, which can be strengthened by crosslinking with TMBG. This network effectively captures clustered blood coagulation factors, leading to a strong and adhesive thrombus that resists disruption from blood flow. TMQH exhibits superior efficacy in promoting hemostasis compared to Celox™ both in rat arterial injuries and non-compressible liver puncture wounds. TMQH demonstrates excellent antibacterial activity, cytocompatibility, and blood compatibility. These outstanding superiorities in blood clotting capability, wet tissue adhesion, antibacterial activity, safety for living organisms, ease of application, and long-term stability, make TMQH highly suitable for emergency hemostasis.