CO2 Separation from Flue Gases Using Different Types of Membranes

Mustafa J,Farhan M

doi:10.4172/2155-9589.1000153

Abstract

The emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2 is the main cause of global warming. Its separation from different emission sources such as chemical industries, power stations etc. to reduce greenhouse effect has been a mutual interest of the world. Conventional processes such as absorption, cryogenic distillation and adsorption used for this purpose but there are some drawbacks such as high energy consumption, process complexity and high capital cost are major issues which need some efficient alternative technique to be worked on. The developing technique such as Membrane separation is highly compact, energy efficient, environmental friendly, scale-up flexible and possibly more economical than previously well-established technologies. The purpose of this review is to classify membrane separation process used for CO2 gas separation from flue gases. This review covers introduction of membrane includingpolymeric and inorganic membranes, provide recent advancements such as mixed matrix membranes, facilitated transport membranes and carbon membranes which have improved permeability and selectivity. This review also portraits the basic differences between different types of membranes used for CO2 separation, highlighted operating conditions for different membranes and mention further research possibilities in this field.

Highlights

The separation of CO2 from flue gases has greatly enhanced greenhouse effect
CO2 is mainly found in fuel gas from combustion of fossil fuel, coal gasification and natural gas streams
In particular this review focuses on latest membrane designs such as facilitated transport membrane and mixed matrix membranes which perform improved separations over simple polymeric membrane

Summary

Introduction

The separation of CO2 from flue gases has greatly enhanced greenhouse effect. Presence of gases CO2 continuously increased earth temperature. Simple molecular sieving is not possible in case of CO2 due to smaller gas molecules of H2 In this case a functional layer is added onto the casting thin layer having high affinity for the CO2 is a possible solution, so saturation occur and surface diffusion occurs which increases the permeability of CO2. Optimization of fabricated parameters is done to achieve high performance for carbon membranes Carbon membranes have high permeability and selectivity compare to polymeric membranes for CO2 separation from fuel gas systems [32]. Carbon membranes have very high permeability and selectivity compare to polymeric membrane for CO2 separation from fuel gas systems [36]. Due to inherent superior separation characteristics of inorganic particle phase, mixed matrix membrane give high permeability and selectivity compare to only polymeric phase membrane. For example this deterioration can be observed by using zeolite as inorganic particles and glassy polymer is used as a polymeric material [52]

Poly vinyl acetate KFI

Findings

Research Possibilities