Abstract
Here we show that carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulates budding and shortens the lag-period of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures, grown on specific weak media. CO2 can be both exogenous and secreted by another growing yeast culture. We also show that this effect can be observed only in the lag-period, and demonstrate minimal doses and duration of culture exposition to CO2. Opposite to the effects of CO2 sensitivity, previously shown for pathogens, where increased concentration of CO2 suppressed mitosis and stimulated cell differentiation and invasion, here it stimulates budding and culture growth.
Highlights
Cell-cell interactions in microbial cultures have been under particular interest and investigation for more than 80 years
The whole area includes works on the so called ‘‘mitogenetic effect’’ [1,2], ‘‘quorum sensing’’ [3,4], and rather recently discovered NH3 signaling in yeast [5] and CO2 sensitivity both in prokaryotes [6,7] and fungi [8,9]
Heterotrophic fixation of CO2, long known for S.cerevisiae [30], Schizosacharomyces pombe [29], and other species, is essential for culture growth on minimal media, mainly by supporting Krebs cycle through phosphotriose to oxaloacetate carboxylation. This way is not active when the culture is grown on rich media, or on minimal acetate-containing media, as all the needed oxaloacetate is produced in Krebs cycle or glyoxylate bypass
Summary
Cell-cell interactions in microbial cultures have been under particular interest and investigation for more than 80 years. The whole area includes works on the so called ‘‘mitogenetic effect’’ [1,2], ‘‘quorum sensing’’ [3,4], and rather recently discovered NH3 signaling in yeast [5] and CO2 sensitivity both in prokaryotes [6,7] and fungi [8,9]. The ‘‘mitogenetic effect’’ consists in a distant stimulation of mitosis in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells by optical contact with other well growing cultures. The effect was shown for bacterial cultures [10], yeast [11], etc., and ultraweak ultraviolet luminescence was stated to be the mediator of these cell-cell interactions [12,13]. The problem of mitogenetic effect remains unsolved till nowadays
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