CO2 induced phase transition on a self-standing droplet studied by X-ray scattering and magnetic resonance

Abstract

HypothesisAcoustic levitation is a suitable approach for studying processes occurring at the gas–liquid interfaces, as it allows its investigation in contact-free manner while providing control over gas phase. Here, we hypothesize that phase transitions induced by a CO2 rich atmosphere can be examined, at different length scales, in a contact-free manner. ExperimentalA system consisting of 12-hydroxysteric acid (HSA) soaps with mixed counterions, monoethanolamine (MEA) and choline hydroxide respectively, was prepared. Microliter droplets of the samples were acoustically levitated and monitored with a camera, while exposed to CO2 to modify the pH thorough diffusion at the air–liquid interface and inside the droplet. The phase transition and water mobility in the levitated droplets were evaluated through X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) and magnetic resonance studies, in real-time. Finally, the droplets were collected and examined under the microscope. FindingsThe introduction of CO2 gas induced a phase transition from micelles to multi-lamellar tubes, resulting in a gel-like behavior both in bulk and at the interface. The high stability of the acoustic levitator allowed the investigation of this dynamic phenomenon, in real-time, in a contact-free environment. This study showcases the suitability of acoustic levitation as a tool to investigate complex chemical processes at interfaces.