Abstract
Abstract The excessive use of natural gas and other fossil fuels by the industrial sector leads to the production of great quantities of gas pollutants, including CO2, SO2, and NO x . Consequently, these gases increase the temperature of the earth, producing global warming. Different strategies have been developed to help overcome this problem, including the utilization of separation membrane technology. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are hybrid membranes that combine an organic polymer as a matrix and an inorganic compound as a filler. In this study, MMMs were prepared based on polyethersulfone (PES) and a type of metal–organic framework (MOF), Materials of Institute Lavoisier (MIL)-100(Al) [Al3O(H2O)2(OH)(BTC)2] (BTC: benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylate) using a phase inversion method. The influence on the properties of the produced membranes by addition of 5, 10, 20, and 30% MIL-100(Al) (w/w) to the PES was also investigated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that no chemical interactions occurred between PES and MIL-100(Al). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed agglomeration at PES/MIL-100(Al) 30% (w/w) and that the thickness of the dense layer increased up to 3.70 µm. After the addition of MIL-100(Al) of 30% (w/w), the permeability of the MMMs for CO2, O2, and N2 gases was enhanced by approximately 16, 26, and 14 times, respectively, as compared with a neat PES membrane. The addition of MIL-100(Al) to PES increased the thermal stability of the membranes, reaching 40°C as indicated by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). An addition of 20% MIL-100(Al) (w/w) increased membrane selectivity for CO2/O2 from 2.67 to 4.49 (approximately 68.5%), and the addition of 10% MIL-100(Al) increased membrane selectivity for CO2/N2 from 1.01 to 2.12 (approximately 110.1%).
Highlights
The consumption of energy continues to increase with population growth and further technological development
Natural gas consists of hydrocarbon compounds and gas pollutants, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) [2]
The use of Material of Institute Lavoisier (MIL)-100(Al) filler for separation applications has never been done; this study aimed at researching the development of matrix membranes (MMMs) using MIL-100(Al) with PES polymers, expecting that this would improve the CO2 gas separation abilities of MMMs
Summary
The consumption of energy continues to increase with population growth and further technological development. The most widely used energy sources are natural gas (53.3%) and coal (26.3%) [1]. The worldwide consumption of natural gas has reached 100 trillion ft in 2018 and is estimated to increase to 160 trillion ft in 2035. In Indonesia, natural gas is the most widely used energy source after petroleum and coal. The emission factor of CO2 from various energy sources is very high as compared to other gases [1]. CO2 pollutants make an impact on human health and contribute to asthma and other respiratory diseases that can potentially cause cardiovascular disease and cancer [4]; a significant effort must be made to reduce CO2 emissions
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