Abstract
The utilisation of CO2 in the vacuum refining process was proposed recently. To guide and predict the effects of CO2 blowing into the refining furnace, the reactions of CO2 with C, Al, and Si were analysed thermodynamically, and the CO2 effective conversion was defined to reflect the stirring effect of CO2 injection on molten steel. FactSage 7.1 software was employed to study the process of CO2 reacting with Fe-C-Al-Si liquid metal, where the reaction system involved elements and exhaust gas under different initial C contents in molten steel. Industrial trials were conducted with a Ruhrstahl-Heraeus refining process. The results show that the content of Si and O in Fe-C-Al-Si molten steel does not change much with CO2 injection under 2000 Pa and 1873 K. However, there is marked selective oxidation of C and Al by CO2. Further analysis shows that the reaction between Al and CO to generate C occurs when the initial C content is low enough. Higher CEC can be achieved through the selection of suitable steel grades and control of composition of the liquid steel. It is expected that this will enhance the stirring effect by CO2. Finally, lower vacuum pressure can promote CEC.
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