Abstract
Geographic atrophy secondary to dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by atrophic lesions in the outer retina, retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) degeneration, and photoreceptor loss. Replacement of lost/damaged cells by subretinal transplant of RPE cells (RPEt) from human embryonic or human-induced pluripotent stem cells has the potential to rescue photoreceptor function and restore vision. Although both the subretinal space (SRS) and stem cells have low immunogenicity, damage to the outer blood–retinal barrier caused by AMD and surgical transplantation may disrupt homeostasis and activate a local retinal immune response, necessitating immunosuppression to avoid graft rejection. A targeted literature review (TLR) was performed to summarize current literature on mechanisms of retinal immune reactions in AMD and immunosuppression use in RPEt.
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