Co-mutation landscape and its prognostic impact on newly diagnosed adult patients with NPM1 mutated de novo acute myeloid leukemia.

Abstract

e18505 Background: 25-35% of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carries NPM1 mutation, characterized by aberrant cytoplasmic dislocation of NPM1 protein, which is generally associated with a favorable outcome in the absence of FLT3-ITD mutation. Indeed, for NPM1-mutated AML patients with different co-mutation profiles, identification of specific co-mutation combinations other than FLT3-ITD mutation is necessary for accurate risk stratification and contributes to identify the optimal population who may benefit from allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) during post-remission therapy. Methods: Eligible patients included newly diagnosed adult patients (≥18 years old) with NPM1 mutated de novo AML (M3 excluded) treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine for at least one complete course of induction therapy from October 2018 to December 2022. All patients received next generation sequencing (NGS) detection for diagnosis before treatment. Response was evaluated within two courses of induction chemotherapy. Overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were collected for endpoint analysis. Results: 178 patients were analyzed. Median age was 59 years old (IQR, 51-68). The co-mutated genes with a detection rate of ≥ 10% included FLT3, DNMT3A, TET2, IDH2, IDH1, PTPN11, NRAS, and WT1. The median follow-up was 26.2 months. Our results showed that in NPM1 mutated AML, co-mutations of IDH1, IDH2, and PTPN11-PTP domain were associated with favorable prognosis, while co-mutations of FLT3-ITD and DNMT3A were associated with poor prognosis. Interestingly, the adverse outcome trends brought by FLT3-ITD and DNMT3A co-mutations could be reversed by IDH mutation and PTPN11 mutations, respectively (Table). Besides, for NPM1 mutated AML patients combined with FLT3-ITD/ DNMT3A mutations, allo-HSCT after remission could significantly improve outcome ( P < 0.05), while similar results were not found in FLT3-ITD/ DNMT3A wild type patients. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that NPM1-mutated AML with different co-mutation profiles led to heterogeneous outcomes. For NPM1-mutated AML patients with adverse prognosis-related co-mutation combinations, allo-HSCT after remission may be a recommended strategy to improve outcome. [Table: see text]