Abstract
Non-rhizobial endophytes (NRE) from root nodule niche are well known for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, unique metabolites, and assisting rhizobial nodulation. A co- inoculant developed with NRE yeast strain Candida tropicalis VYW1 and Rhizobium sp. VRE1 obtained from mungbean nodules significantly influenced nodulation behavior, plant growth, and soil health by exhibiting increased nodules plant−1, nodule biomass (141.71 mg), and N uptake (1.13 kg ha−1). Besides, root and shoot length, total biomass also increased significantly in co-inoculated plants registering 23.9 cm, 22.5 cm, and 0.51 g, respectively. Similarly, soil nutrient status, including soil pH, EC, organic carbon, available N, P, K, and Zn, also enhanced due to co-inoculation. The stimulatory effects by co-inoculation are presumably affirmed due to unique metabolites such as indole, tryptophan, leucine, benzaldehyde, octadecanoic acid, α-D-galactopyranoside, and L- Proline as evidenced through metabolite profiling using GC-MS. Our results concur that the positive interaction of non-rhizobial endophytic yeast with rhizobial strain may emerge as a novel bio-inoculant for sustainable pulse productivity.
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