Abstract

Agricultural activities produce an estimated amount of 32.7 MToe/year of residues in EU countries. They are mostly disposed in landfills, incinerated without any control, or abandoned in fields, causing severe impacts on human health and environment. Rice is one of the most consumed crops worldwide with an annual production of 782 million tons according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations database. In this context, the EU-funded project LIFE LIBERNITRATE promotes the use of renewable residual sources (i.e., rice straw) to obtain new materials with an added value. The methodology is based on the incineration of rice straw in an own-designed and constructed valorization system. Rice straw/wood pellets are burned in optimized conditions to produce a maximized quantity of ashes with high silica content. These materials will be then used to treat water polluted with nitrates, representing an optimal example of circular economy strategy. In this work, the own-designed valorization unit is described, with special focus on its main constituting elements. The theoretical study of the co-incineration of rice straw and wood pellets identified the optimised combustion conditions. Experimental tests using the theoretical inputs confirmed the most adequate operational conditions (10 g rice straw pellets/min + 10 g wood pellets/min, 6–7 Nm3/h of air, T = 500 °C) and helped in the definition of improvements on the experimental plant.

Highlights

  • The annual production of paddy rice amounts to 782 million tonnes (2018) according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations database [1]

  • ItTable is important to optimize this percentage as a high value implies lower production of rice rice straw/40 wt. % wood pellets (50 g/min of mixture)

  • The methodology is based on the incineration of rice straw pellets in optimized conditions to produce a maximized quantity of ashes with high silica content

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Summary

Introduction

The annual production of paddy rice amounts to 782 million tonnes (2018) according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations database [1]. Spain follows in the ranking with a production of 808,167 tonnes. The two main residual products from the rice industry are rice straw (crop residue that remains in fields after harvest) and rice husk (by-product obtained after rice post-processing). For every kilogram of harvested paddy, 1 kg of straw and 0.2 kg of husk are produced [2], which turn into a large quantity of waste to deal with. Economic problems are derived from an incorrect management of residual streams as they constitute extra costs for their producers, who need to pay for a correct waste dealing

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