Abstract
The drug-loaded nanocarriers have overcome various challenges compared with the pure chemotherapeutic drug, such as limited bioavailability, multiple drug resistance, poor patient compliance, and adverse drug reactions, offering advantages such as protection from degradation in the blood stream, better drug solubility, and improved drug stability. One promising group of controlled and targeted drug delivery systems is polymer-based nanoparticles that can sustain the release of the active agent by diffusion and their degradation. Sorafenib is the only drug that can prolong the life of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma. Cisplatin remains one of the most widely used broad-spectrum anticancer drugs for the treatment of a variety of solid tumours. Nanoformulations can exert a synergistic effect by entrapping two drugs with different modes of action, such as sorafenib and cisplatin. In our study, polymeric nanoparticles were prepared with a good production yield by an improved double emulsion solvent evaporation method using the copolymer of 12-hydroxystearic acid with ε-caprolactone (12CL), a biocatalytically synthesised biocompatible and biodegradable carrier, for the co-entrapment of sorafenib and cisplatin in nanotherapeutics. A bovine serum albumin (BSA) model compound was used to increase the cisplatin incorporation; then, it was successfully substituted by a iRGD tumour penetrating peptide that might provide a targeting function of the nanoparticles.
Highlights
Nanomedicine is one of the most rapidly developing branches of pharmaceutics and can be defined as nanotechnology that uses materials with nanoscale size, which are applied to health and medicine [1]
The microencapsulation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in polymeric nanoparticles has been investigated for the assessment of the conditions of the double-emulsion solvent evaporation method
A total of 0.5% PVA was found to be insufficient for a suitable size (“12CLBSA1”), 1% emulsifier was applied in the following experiments (Table 1)
Summary
Nanomedicine is one of the most rapidly developing branches of pharmaceutics and can be defined as nanotechnology that uses materials with nanoscale size, which are applied to health and medicine [1]. Current problems in cancer treatment include low specificity, rapid drug clearance and biodegradation, and limited targeting [2]. In the list of most outstanding developments, there is a broad range of engineered and functionalised nanoparticles for site-specific targeting of therapeutic agents, such as Biomedicines 2022, 10, 43. There are several clinically approved nanoscale materials that are promising nanoparticle drug delivery systems that have shown reduced side effects and effective therapeutic levels [7]
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