Co-digestion of water hyacinth, municipal solid waste and cow dung: A methane optimised biogas–liquid petroleum gas hybrid system

Abstract

Fossil fuels are still the major source of energy in developing countries, howbeit expensive and environmentally unsustainable. Co-digestion substrate proportions and the respective biogas potentials for a huge number of biomaterials for anaerobic digestion are yet to be ascertained let alone optimised. This paper presents a novel methane-optimised biogas–liquid petroleum gas hybrid system concept. Herein this research, biogas is produced from the anaerobic co-digestion of water hyacinth, municipal solid waste and cow dung. A model that incorporated seasonal variations of biomass feedstocks was developed; an optimisation problem was formulated and solved using the Optimisation Interface tool (OptiTool) in combination with the Solving Constraint Integer Programs (SCIP) toolbox in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB). The biogas production reactions are optimised in such a way that the methane component of the biogas is maximised, and the other components minimised by the integration of a model which necessitates the feed in of optimal substrate masses as per the ratios ascertained for the substrates considered thereby yielding a high quality combustible biogas product. The methane-optimised biogas is channelled towards some community gas demand and liquid petroleum gas comes in to fill the discrepancy between the methane-optimised biogas and the gas demand. Consideration of seasonality changes in the availability of substrates in the modelling and optimisation led to an increase of 174.58% in annual biogas output. A 6.97% annual lowest cost savings was realised in winter and 18.24% annual highest cost savings was realised in summer from the methane-optimised biogas–liquid petroleum gas hybrid system.