Abstract
BackgroundRetention of agricultural bio-mass residues without proper treatment could affect the subsequent plant growth. In the present investigation, the co-cultivation of genetically engineered T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens has been employed for multiple benefits including the enrichment of lignocellulose biodegradation, plant growth, defense potential and disease resistance.ResultsThe Vel1 gene predominantly regulates the secondary metabolites, sexual and asexual development as well as cellulases and polysaccharide hydrolases productions. Overexpression mutant of the Trichoderma asperellum Vel1 locus (TA OE-Vel1) enhanced the activity of FPAase, CMCase, PNPCase, PNPGase, xylanase I, and xylanase II through the regulation of transcription regulating factors and the activation of cellulase and xylanase encoding genes. Further, these genes were induced upon co-cultivation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA). The co-culture of TA OE-Vel1 + BA produced the best composition of enzymes and the highest biomass hydrolysis yield of 89.56 ± 0.61%. The co-culture of TA OE-Vel1 + BA increased the corn stover degradation by the secretion of cellulolytic enzymes and maintained the C/N ratio of the corn stover amended soil. Moreover, the TA OE-Vel1 + BA increased the maize plant growth, expression of defense gene and disease resistance against Fusarium verticillioides and Cohilohorus herostrophus.ConclusionThe co-cultivation of genetically engineered T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens could be utilized as a profound and meaningful technique for the retention of agro residues and subsequent plant growth.
Highlights
Retention of agricultural bio-mass residues without proper treatment could affect the subsequent plant growth
We developed the co-cultivation of Velvet 1 (Vel1) over expressed mutant T. asperellum GDFS1009 and B. amyloliquefaciens 1841 (TA OEVel1 + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA)) to improve the cellulase production using the combination of genetic engineering and co-cultivation technology
The over expression cassette containing TrpC promoter, Vel1 ORF and TrpC terminator was cloned into pCAMBIA1300 and transferred to T. asperellum using A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT)
Summary
Retention of agricultural bio-mass residues without proper treatment could affect the subsequent plant growth. The co-cultivation of genetically engineered T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens has been employed for multiple benefits including the enrichment of lignocellulose biodegradation, plant growth, defense potential and disease resistance. Onsite bio-degradation of crop residue has followed to maintain the soil fertility and to decrease the argumentative effects of residual burning in the agricultural field. Karuppiah et al Microb Cell Fact (2021) 20:57 the retention of agricultural bio-mass residues affect soil properties and crop yields [2]. Only a few studies have been focused on the onsite degradation of lignocellulolytic biomass using the microbes. It is the proper time to develop a technology for onsite biomass degradation, plant growth promotion and disease control
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